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    "library(MASS)"
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     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "\n",
       "<table width=\"100%\" summary=\"page for Boston {MASS}\"><tr><td>Boston {MASS}</td><td style=\"text-align: right;\">R Documentation</td></tr></table>\n",
       "\n",
       "<h2>\n",
       "Housing Values in Suburbs of Boston\n",
       "</h2>\n",
       "\n",
       "<h3>Description</h3>\n",
       "\n",
       "<p>The <code>Boston</code> data frame has 506 rows and 14 columns.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "<h3>Usage</h3>\n",
       "\n",
       "<pre>\n",
       "Boston\n",
       "</pre>\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "<h3>Format</h3>\n",
       "\n",
       "<p>This data frame contains the following columns:\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "\n",
       "<dl>\n",
       "<dt><code>crim</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>per capita crime rate by town.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>zn</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>indus</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>proportion of non-retail business acres per town.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>chas</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise).\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>nox</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>nitrogen oxides concentration (parts per 10 million).\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>rm</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>average number of rooms per dwelling.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>age</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>dis</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>weighted mean of distances to five Boston employment centres.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>rad</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>index of accessibility to radial highways.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>tax</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>full-value property-tax rate per \\$10,000.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>ptratio</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>pupil-teacher ratio by town.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>black</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p><i>1000(Bk - 0.63)^2</i> where <i>Bk</i> is the proportion of blacks\n",
       "by town.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>lstat</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>lower status of the population (percent).\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "<dt><code>medv</code></dt><dd>\n",
       "<p>median value of owner-occupied homes in \\$1000s.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "</dd>\n",
       "</dl>\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "<h3>Source</h3>\n",
       "\n",
       "<p>Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. (1978)\n",
       "Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air.\n",
       "<em>J. Environ. Economics and Management</em>\n",
       "<b>5</b>, 81&ndash;102.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "<p>Belsley D.A., Kuh, E.  and Welsch, R.E. (1980)\n",
       "<em>Regression Diagnostics. Identifying Influential Data and Sources\n",
       "of Collinearity.</em>\n",
       "New York: Wiley.\n",
       "</p>\n",
       "\n",
       "<hr /><div style=\"text-align: center;\">[Package <em>MASS</em> version 7.3-51.5 ]</div>"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\inputencoding{utf8}\n",
       "\\HeaderA{Boston}{Housing Values in Suburbs of Boston}{Boston}\n",
       "\\keyword{datasets}{Boston}\n",
       "%\n",
       "\\begin{Description}\\relax\n",
       "The \\code{Boston} data frame has 506 rows and 14 columns.\n",
       "\\end{Description}\n",
       "%\n",
       "\\begin{Usage}\n",
       "\\begin{verbatim}\n",
       "Boston\n",
       "\\end{verbatim}\n",
       "\\end{Usage}\n",
       "%\n",
       "\\begin{Format}\n",
       "This data frame contains the following columns:\n",
       "\\begin{description}\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{crim}] \n",
       "per capita crime rate by town.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{zn}] \n",
       "proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000 sq.ft.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{indus}] \n",
       "proportion of non-retail business acres per town.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{chas}] \n",
       "Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0 otherwise).\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{nox}] \n",
       "nitrogen oxides concentration (parts per 10 million).\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{rm}] \n",
       "average number of rooms per dwelling.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{age}] \n",
       "proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{dis}] \n",
       "weighted mean of distances to five Boston employment centres.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{rad}] \n",
       "index of accessibility to radial highways.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{tax}] \n",
       "full-value property-tax rate per \\bsl{}\\$10,000.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{ptratio}] \n",
       "pupil-teacher ratio by town.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{black}] \n",
       "\\eqn{1000(Bk - 0.63)^2}{} where \\eqn{Bk}{} is the proportion of blacks\n",
       "by town.\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{lstat}] \n",
       "lower status of the population (percent).\n",
       "\n",
       "\\item[\\code{medv}] \n",
       "median value of owner-occupied homes in \\bsl{}\\$1000s.\n",
       "\n",
       "\n",
       "\\end{description}\n",
       "\n",
       "\\end{Format}\n",
       "%\n",
       "\\begin{Source}\\relax\n",
       "Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. (1978)\n",
       "Hedonic prices and the demand for clean air.\n",
       "\\emph{J. Environ. Economics and Management}\n",
       "\\bold{5}, 81--102.\n",
       "\n",
       "Belsley D.A., Kuh, E.  and Welsch, R.E. (1980)\n",
       "\\emph{Regression Diagnostics. Identifying Influential Data and Sources\n",
       "of Collinearity.}\n",
       "New York: Wiley.\n",
       "\\end{Source}"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "Boston                  package:MASS                   R Documentation\n",
       "\n",
       "_\bH_\bo_\bu_\bs_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bV_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs _\bi_\bn _\bS_\bu_\bb_\bu_\br_\bb_\bs _\bo_\bf _\bB_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bo_\bn\n",
       "\n",
       "_\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn:\n",
       "\n",
       "     The ‘Boston’ data frame has 506 rows and 14 columns.\n",
       "\n",
       "_\bU_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be:\n",
       "\n",
       "     Boston\n",
       "     \n",
       "_\bF_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt:\n",
       "\n",
       "     This data frame contains the following columns:\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘crim’ per capita crime rate by town.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘zn’ proportion of residential land zoned for lots over 25,000\n",
       "          sq.ft.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘indus’ proportion of non-retail business acres per town.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘chas’ Charles River dummy variable (= 1 if tract bounds river; 0\n",
       "          otherwise).\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘nox’ nitrogen oxides concentration (parts per 10 million).\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘rm’ average number of rooms per dwelling.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘age’ proportion of owner-occupied units built prior to 1940.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘dis’ weighted mean of distances to five Boston employment\n",
       "          centres.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘rad’ index of accessibility to radial highways.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘tax’ full-value property-tax rate per \\$10,000.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘ptratio’ pupil-teacher ratio by town.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘black’ 1000(Bk - 0.63)^2 where Bk is the proportion of blacks by\n",
       "          town.\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘lstat’ lower status of the population (percent).\n",
       "\n",
       "     ‘medv’ median value of owner-occupied homes in \\$1000s.\n",
       "\n",
       "_\bS_\bo_\bu_\br_\bc_\be:\n",
       "\n",
       "     Harrison, D. and Rubinfeld, D.L. (1978) Hedonic prices and the\n",
       "     demand for clean air.  _J. Environ. Economics and Management_ *5*,\n",
       "     81-102.\n",
       "\n",
       "     Belsley D.A., Kuh, E.  and Welsch, R.E. (1980) _Regression\n",
       "     Diagnostics. Identifying Influential Data and Sources of\n",
       "     Collinearity._ New York: Wiley.\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "?Boston"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "\n",
       "Call:\n",
       "lm(formula = medv ~ lstat, data = Boston)\n",
       "\n",
       "Residuals:\n",
       "    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max \n",
       "-15.168  -3.990  -1.318   2.034  24.500 \n",
       "\n",
       "Coefficients:\n",
       "            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    \n",
       "(Intercept) 34.55384    0.56263   61.41   <2e-16 ***\n",
       "lstat       -0.95005    0.03873  -24.53   <2e-16 ***\n",
       "---\n",
       "Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1\n",
       "\n",
       "Residual standard error: 6.216 on 504 degrees of freedom\n",
       "Multiple R-squared:  0.5441,\tAdjusted R-squared:  0.5432 \n",
       "F-statistic: 601.6 on 1 and 504 DF,  p-value: < 2.2e-16\n"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "lm.fit = lm(medv~lstat, data=Boston)\n",
    "summary(lm.fit)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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